Influence of Advancing Biological Maturation on Aerobic and Anaerobic Power and on Sport Performance of Junior Rowers: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: Researches are linking Biological Maturation (BM) with the performance of adolescent rowers from both genders. Despite this, there is still not enough information about the influence of BM advancement correlating to sports, aerobic and anaerobic performance in adolescent athletes at the sport modality rowing. Objective: Investigate the influence of Biological Maturation on sports performance and aerobic and anaerobic power in adolescent rowing athletes. Methods: A longitudinal observational study, developed over 3 years, with a sample of 52 adolescents, rowing athletes, of both genders (61% male and 39% female) mean age of 16.0 ± 0.5 years old at the start and 18.4 ± 0.5 years old at the end of the study. Analysis was performed once a year. BM was evaluated through maturational groups generated from Age Peak Height Velocity; maximum aerobic power [VO2Max (ml/kg/min)] and mean anaerobic power (Watts) through the ergometer test (indoor rowing); peak anaerobic power (Watts) through a mathematical model derived from competition time, to determine sports performance analyzed the race time during world championship tryouts. Results: The advancement of BM influenced the reduction of the test time and increase of the mean anaerobic power (Watts) in indoor rowing (η2p > 0.36, p < 0.05), as well as an improvement in performance in sports competition (η2p > 0.35, p < 0.05). However, the advancement of BM did not affect VO2Max (ml/kg/min) in young elite rowing athletes of both sexes (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Advances in biological maturation have been shown to influence the anaerobic and sports performance (reduction of the execution time in 2,000-m) of adolescent rowing athletes of both genders.

Performance Prediction Equation for 2000 m Youth Indoor Rowing Using a 100 m Maximal Test.

BACKGROUND: The exhaustive series of tests undergone by young athletes of Olympic rowing prior to important competitions imply loads of physical stress that can ultimately impact on mood and motivation, with negative consequences for their training and performance. Thus, it is necessary to develop a tool that uses only the performance of short distances but is highly predictive, offering a time expectancy with high reliability. Such a test must use variables that are easy to collect with high practical applicability in the daily routine of coaches. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to develop a mathematical model capable of predicting 2000 m rowing performance from a maximum effort 100 m indoor rowing ergometer (IRE) test in young rowers. METHODS: The sample consisted of 12 male rowing athletes in the junior category (15.9 ± 1.0 years). A 100 m time trial was performed on the IRE, followed by a 2000 m time trial 24-h later. RESULTS: The 2000 m mathematical model to predict performance in minutes based on the maximum 100 m test demonstrated a high correlation (r = 0.734; p = 0.006), strong reliability index (ICC: 0.978; IC95%: [0.960; 0.980]; p = 0.001) and was within usable agreement limits (Bland -Altman Agreement: -0.60 to 0.60; 95% CI [-0.65; 0.67]). CONCLUSION: The mathematical model developed to predict 2000 m performance is effective and has a statistically significant reliability index while being easy to implement with low cost.

Mental Fatigue Reduces Training Volume in Resistance Exercise: A Cross-Over and Randomized Study.

The present study aimed to determine the effect of mental fatigue (MF) on total training volume (TTV; number of repetitions x number of sets x load) and on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE; Borg, 1982) in the half-back squat exercise (HBSE). Nine male subjects (M age = 22.6 years, SD = 2.3; M height = 172.3 cm, SD = 6.8; M weight = 76.2 kg, SD = 9.8; M years of resistance training experience = 4.1, SD = 2.3 years) recruited from a university population were study participants in this participant-blind cross-over and randomized study. Participants underwent either the Stroop task - a highly demanding cognitive task (CT) - or a control condition (CON) in which they viewed a documentary exhibition for 30 minutes. Perception of MF and motivation were assessed after treatments using a visual analog scale of 100 mm. Participants then engaged in a countermovement jump (CMJ) test and three sets of HBSE until they reached momentary concentric failure, reporting RPE at the end of each exercise set. Following the CT, participants showed a significantly increased self-perception of MF in relation to the CON condition (p = 0.01; d = 1.2), but this did not affect their motivation to engage in subsequent tests (p = 0.99; d = 0.006). Neither the CMJ performances nor the RPE were statistically different between CT and CON conditions (p = 0.33; d = 0.09 and p = 0.20; η2 = 0.20, respectively). TTV was significantly lower in the CT relative to the CON experimental condition (Δ = -15.8%; p = 0.04; η2 = 0.48). Prolonged involvement in a CT was associated with reduced volume on a resistance exercise, though this effect was not associated with changes in CMJ performance or motivation to exercise.

Equation for analyzing the peak power in aquatic environment: An alternative for olympic rowing athletes.

PURPOSE: To develop an equation to provide the peak power (PP) through a specific stimulus performed in an aquatic environment, as well as to correlate morphological, anthropometric and strength variables with rowing performance. METHODS: The sample consisted of 16 elite young rowing athletes of both sexes (15.7 ± 1.21 years). The strength of upper limbs and lower limbs was verified. To analyze the PP, a 100-m Sprint test was performed on an indoor rowing type ergometer, and after a 72-hour wash-out, the test was repeated in an aquatic environment on a vessel equipped with a global position system. Body composition was analyzed by examining bone densitometry with an X-ray source and maturation was verified by anthropometry. RESULTS: The tests for water sprint and indoor rowing showed significant reliability (ICC = 0.695; p = 0.0007). The PP aquatic showed reliability with that acquired in indoor rowing (ICC = 0.897; p<0.0001) and was related to maturation (p<0.05). The morphology, anthropometry and strength of the upper limbs were related to the sprint and peak strength in both tests (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The equation for the PP in aquatic environment presented by the present study is highly reliable with an indoor ergometer digital ergometer.

Crônica de uma morte adiada: o tabu da morte e os limites não científicos da ciência / A chronicle of a death delayed: the taboo of death and the non-scientific limits of science / Crónica de uma muerte anunciada: el tabú de la muerte y los límites no científicos de la ciencia

Este relato, apresentado como estudo de caso, acompanha os oito dias que transcorreram entre a internação para a implantação de um marca-passo e o falecimento de um sujeito de 92 anos, com histórico de hipertensão, diabetes melito e em estágio avançado de Alzheimer, caracterizado por completa perda das memórias de longo e curto prazos e por quadro geral de demência, com total incapacidade de compreensão de sua situação no contexto hospitalar. Trata-se de relato de caráter subjetivo, realizado por um observador com vínculos afetivos com o sujeito objeto da observação e com atuação acadêmica em área estranha à medicina.

This report, presented as a case study, follows the eight days between internment for implantation of a pacemaker and the passing of a 92 year old person, with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus and at an advanced stage of Alzheimer's disease, characterized by complete loss of long and short term memory and an overall diagnosis of dementia with total incapacity for comprehension of his or her own hospital context. This is a report from the viewpoint of an observer with affective ties to the focus subject and with academic activities outside the area of medicine.

Este relato, presentado como estudio de caso, acompaña los ocho días que transcurrieron entre la internación para la implantación de un marcapasos y el fallecimiento de un sujeto de noventa y dos años, con un historial de hipertensión, diabetes mellitus y un estadio avanzado de Alzheimer, caracterizado por una completa pérdida de memoria de largo y corto plazo y por un cuadro general de demencia con total incapacidad de comprensión de su situación en el contexto hospitalario. Se trata de un relato realizado a partir del punto de vista subjetivo de un observador con vínculos afectivos con el sujeto objeto de observación y con una actuación académica en un área ajena a la Medicina.

Síndrome de Eagle: revisão da literatura e relato de caso clínico / Eagles's Syndrome: literature revision and clinical case report

A síndrome de Eagle é uma condição decorrente do alongamento do processo estilóide relacionada a uma ampla sintomatologia caracterizada principalmente por dor nas regiões craniofacial e cervical. As características clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamento desta síndrome são apresentados, bem como o relato do caso de uma paciente de 37 anos submetida ao tratamento cirúrgico para estiloidectomia bilateral por acesso extra-oral.

Labirinto: ovo, o reverso da linha / Labyrinth: egg, the reverse of the line

A história da luta do sujeito para projetar sua vida no tempo e no espaço e para transcender a casualidade na determinação de seu destino, para além dos limites impostos pelos sentidos, nos movimentos de afastamento e retorno ao convívio do grupo, que a necessidade e o desejo impõem à continuidade da vida, demonstra um esforço notável que, é o de evitar algo significativamente indesejável, que está relacionado ao temor de perder-se. Nesta história emergiu o sujeito da arte, o sujeito que, ao interpretar as formas da natureza e, principalmente, ao representá-las não literalmente, mas como as interpreta, funda o estilo, com o qual marca sua individualidade na inscrição de sua presença na paisagem. A marca desta presença é a linha reta, a ordenação ortogonal dos espaços e a simetria das estruturas que, como afirmação ou como negação, são as características em torno das quais orbitou a identidade da produção humana conhecida. Porém, nesta história, ao desejo de permanência, opõe-se a inevitabilidade da morte e a ameaça do esquecimento, do mesmo modo que, à certeza da reta, opõem-se a dimensionalidade do ponto e a incerteza quanto a tudo o que oculta-se por trás do furo, o lócus do qual emergem e para o qual convergem todas as dimensões do destino do sujeito. Nesta luta, pela posse de seu destino, o sujeito recriou o mundo como um Apolo que, com a reta seta da razão, afugenta a tortuosa serpente do caos para as profundezas obscuras dos labirintos de seus mundos interior e exterior. Porém, o que o percurso desta história revela é que foi mergulhando nessas profundezas que o sujeito encontrou, no fogo mais intestino de seu desejo, as forças e as formas, com as quais reformou o território que subtraiu aos deuses.